Tópico 60 de Base · B1
Present perfect: for e since
Present perfect with for and since (How long...?)
Status:
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Para falar de algo que começou no passado e continua agora, o inglês usa o present perfect com for (período) ou since (ponto de início). Em português usamos o presente: "trabalho aqui há dois anos" = I have worked here for two years. É um dos erros mais comuns de brasileiros.
Regras
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- Situação que começou no passado e ainda é verdade: present perfect. I have worked here for two years (ainda trabalho).
- for + período (quanto tempo): for two years, for three months, for a long time.
- since + ponto de início (desde quando): since 2021, since Monday, since January, since 9 a.m.
- since também aceita uma frase no passado simples: since I joined the company, since we moved.
- Pergunta: How long have you + particípio...? How long have you worked here? How long has she been on the team?
- "Há / faz" + presente em português → present perfect + for: "Trabalho aqui há 2 anos" = I've worked here for 2 years (não I work here for 2 years).
- "Desde" = since: "Moro aqui desde 2020" = I've lived here since 2020.
- Verbos de estado (be, know, have, like) usam muito essa estrutura: I've known her for five years. I've had this laptop since March.
- Compare com ago (passado simples): I started two years ago = I've worked here for two years.
- for também aparece no passado simples, para período que já terminou: I worked there for three years (não trabalho mais).
| for (período) | since (ponto de início) |
|---|---|
| for two hours | since 10 a.m. |
| for three days | since Monday |
| for six months | since April |
| for five years | since 2021 |
| for a long time | since I joined the company |
| Pessoa | Afirmativa | Negativa | Pergunta | Resposta curta |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| I | I've been here since May | I haven't been here long | Have I been here long? | Yes, you have. / No, you haven't. |
| you | You've been here since May | You haven't been here long | Have you been here long? | Yes, I have. / No, I haven't. |
| he | He's been here since May | He hasn't been here long | Has he been here long? | Yes, he has. / No, he hasn't. |
| she | She's been here since May | She hasn't been here long | Has she been here long? | Yes, she has. / No, she hasn't. |
| it | It's been here since May | It hasn't been here long | Has it been here long? | Yes, it has. / No, it hasn't. |
| we | We've been here since May | We haven't been here long | Have we been here long? | Yes, we have. / No, we haven't. |
| they | They've been here since May | They haven't been here long | Have they been here long? | Yes, they have. / No, they haven't. |
Exemplos
- I've worked at a bank for two years.Trabalho em um banco há dois anos.
- She has been on the payments team since January.Ela está no time de pagamentos desde janeiro.
- How long have you known the client? — For about five years.Há quanto tempo você conhece o cliente? — Há uns cinco anos.
- We haven't had any problems with this provider since 2022.Não temos problemas com esse fornecedor desde 2022.
- They've lived in Lisbon since they moved from Brazil.Eles moram em Lisboa desde que se mudaram do Brasil.
- I started two years ago, so I have worked here for two years.Comecei há dois anos, então trabalho aqui há dois anos.
Erros comuns
- Errado:
I work here for two years.Certo: I've worked here for two years.Tradução literal de "trabalho aqui há dois anos". Período que começou no passado e continua pede present perfect. - Errado:
I've worked here since two years.Certo: I've worked here for two years.Período (quanto tempo) é for; since é para o ponto de início. - Errado:
How long do you work here?Certo: How long have you worked here?"Há quanto tempo" pede present perfect. - Errado:
I am here since Monday.Certo: I've been here since Monday."Estou aqui desde segunda" usa o present perfect de be.
Pratique antes de avançar
- Escreva 5 frases sobre você com for e since (trabalho, cidade, inglês, amigos, celular). Ex.: I've studied English since 2023.
- Reescreva com for ou since: I started at a bank in 2022. I met Ana five years ago. We moved here in March. → I've worked at a bank since 2022...
- Faça 3 perguntas com How long have you...? para um colega e responda sobre você.
Prática extra opcional
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